Lecture 5. Regularization#


Regularization: Importance, Reasons, and Approaches#

Reasons for Regularization:

  1. Presence of irrelevant features and collinearity in the dataset.

  2. Can lead to:

    • Ill-posed optimization problems, especially in linear regression.

    • Broken interpretability due to inflated or unreliable coefficients.

Importance:

  • Regularization introduces constraints to prevent overfitting.

  • Ensures stability in predictions and maintains model simplicity.

  • Helps in feature selection, especially with L1 regularization.

Approaches:

  1. L2 Regularization (Ridge Regression):

    • Aims to re-condition the optimization problem.

    • Equivalently, it’s the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) estimation in a Bayesian context with a Gaussian prior on weights.

  2. L1 Regularization (The Lasso):

    • Induces sparsity in the model, effectively leading to feature selection.

    • Especially favored in situations with high-dimensional features but limited data points.

Multiple Intuitions:

  • Regularization can be understood through various lenses, including algebraic and geometric interpretations.